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(N0 Modem G. M. LUNGRBN.

VILLUMINATNG APPARATUS.

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CHAR

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LES LUNGREN,'OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO THE AMERICAN GAS FUEL AND LIGHT COMPANY.

ILLUMINATING APPARATUS.`

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 250,089, dated November 29, 1881.

Application filed July 8, 1881.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES MARSHALL LUNGREN, of the city and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Illuminating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

Imake use of non-luminous gas and pass the same through a heater which is composed of clay or similar material and highly heated by jets of the non-luminous gas, and atmospheric air is forced through such heater and mingles with the non-luminous gas, issuing in one or more jet-flames against lime, magnesia, zirconia, or similar material producing light by incandescence. By this means a very intense blow-pipe flame is obtained at a very cheap rate, so as to produce a light similar to the Drummond light.

My improvements relate to the features of construction and mode ot' operation hereinafter more fully set forth.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section ota burner and heater in a tlat form. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same and of the incandesciug lime-holder in smaller size. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan at the line .fr a', Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of a lamp in which the heater for air and gas is cylindrical. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the same; and Fig. 6 is a plan of heater and jet-tubes. f

The pipe a is to be connected with a supply of non-luminous gas, and the pipe b is to admit air under pressure. The cock c is made with reference to the admission of both air and gas in the proper relative proportions, and for the regulation of the amount required.- This cock is either a two-way cock having a horizontal plug, as seen in Figs. 4 and 5, or it may be a movable cylindrical sleeve, c, around a central stationary pin, d, which sleeve can be turned more or less and cause the passageways in the cylindrical sleeve c to coincide with or to close to a greater or less extent the passage-ways in the stationary portions c cz of the standard that are above and below this movable sleeve c.

In the upper part, c2, of the standard the gasway is marked a', and the airway b', and these open at their upper ends into the heater H, in which are channels or chambers for the (No model.)

air and gas. These channels or chambers for the gas are marked a2, and for the air b2.y In Fig. 1 the heater H is dat, and in Fig. 4 it is cylindrical and hollow.' This heater H is made of clay, steatite, or other material that is not liable to oxidize or to be injured by the heat to which it is subjected. This heater H is rendered suflicieutly hot to produce by the' air and gas that passes through it a hot-blast blow-pipe llame at'the place or places ot combustion hereinafter named.

In order to lraise the temperature of the heater H to the proper point, l make use ofone or more jets of flame. The jet orifices or tips are marked l, and in Fig. 4 there is a single jet within the cylindrical heater H, and in Figs. 2 and 3 three jets are shown acting against the exterior surfaces ot' the heater. In either instance the clayorsteatitebecomessufticiently hot to impart the necessary temperature to the gas and the air that are passing through the tubular passages or chambers of the heater. The air and gas for the hot-blast flame issue from one or more jet orifices at n, and impinge against the material s, that is rendered incandescent by the action of such flame.

I remark that the air andfgas maybebrought together in the chamber o beneath the jet-oriice n. This chamber o will be either cylindrical, as in Fig. 4, or else it will be in the form of a hollow base to the jet-tip, as in Fig. 1. In both instances the air under pressure should issue from jet-openings r into the gas within the mixing-chamber o, and thence the two fluids pass through'the jet-openings n and burn with intensity. It is not, however, necessary to employ a mixing-chamber and a jetopening, as the issuing jet of air-will draw with it the gas and mix with the same at the tlame.

It is to be understood that the incaudescing material may be lime, magnesia,.zirconia, or similar material, and that when a single jet of hot-blast llame is used the incandescing mate rial may be in the form of a pencil, (shown in Fig. 2,) and that where several jets are used the incandescing material should be larger, and I either make it cylindrical and hollow, as in Fig. 5, or conical, as represented in Fig. 4.

By this improvement I am enabled to keep IOC the air and gas separa-te until they are about to issue from thejet, where they f'orm the blowpipe flame, and at the same time such air and gas are raised to a high temperature in order that the combustion may be more perfect. If` the air and gas were m ixed before being heated, there would be risk ot' explosions in consequence ofthe high temperature of the heater.

I am enabled to raise this heater to any desired temperature, because the non-luminous flames that heat the same are separate and distinct from the ame that produces incandescence and light.

The ineandescing material should be raised when the flame is the largest and lowered when it becomes smaller, so that the incandescing material shall bein the proper position for the dame or flames to act to the best advantage. I raise and lower this incandescing material simultaneously with the movement ofthe cock.

When the cock is in the form of a plug, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, then a crank-pin, p, at oneendot'theplug,actingupona slotted sleeve, o', raises and lowers the same, and with it the arm or slide-rod q that supports the incandescing material s. When the cock is in the form ot' a circular sleeve the sleeve 0 is to be inclined at its lower edge, as seen in Figs. l and 2, and rest upon a stationary incline, o2, and the arms p, that extend outwardly and carry theincandescingmaterials,mayalso beadapted to hold a globe or shade, T, that surrounds the blow-pipe ame. When the cock e and sleeve o are turned in one direction the inclined surfaces of o 02 lift the sleeve o and parts carried by it, and when moved the other way the re- .verse operation takes place.

I do not limit myself to any particular character of gas so long as the blow-pipe produces the required heat for th e incandescing material. The gas usually known as nonlmninous is preferable, but itis immaterial whether the gas gives more or less light when burning.

I am aware that air has been heated before being mixed with a gas to form a blow-pipe flame; also, that air and gas or two gases have been heated together in one tube before passi'ng to a jet, and also that a cock has been used to regulate the ow ot' two gases through separate tubes to a burner. These devices have not been constructed or combined as in my apparatus.

I claim as my inventionl. The combination. iu an illuminating apparatus, of a heater, H, of elay`or similar material, having two separate passage-ways for air and gas, a jet-tube for the gas-flame that heatsA said heater, one or more jet-tubes for a hot-blast blow-pipe, and an incandescing material f'or the tlame to act upon, substantially as specified.

2. The combination, in an illuminating apparatus, of a heater having passage-ways for air and gas, a cock that regulates the supply and relativev proportions of air and gas, a jettube for the tlame that heats the heater, one or more jet-tubes for the blow-pipe flame and incandesciug material, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, in an illuminating apparatus, ot' one or more jet-tubes for blow-pipe flames, a cock for regulating the supply of air and gas, an incaudescin g material for the blowpipe flame to act upon, and a connection from the cock to such incandescing material to ad-y just the same in proportion to the supply ot' gas, substantially as set forth.

Signed by me this 2d day of July, A. D. 1881.

y C. M. LUN GREN. llitnesses:

Guo. T. PINCKNEY, HAROLD SERRELL. 

